The common bottlenose dolphin is one of the most familiar and widely studied marine mammals. It lives in temperate and tropical coastal waters around the world and is known for its intelligence, social behavior, and acrobatic displays.
Adults typically measure 2 to 4 meters in length and weigh 150 to 300 kilograms. They have a curved dorsal fin, a distinctive beak-like snout, and gray coloration that is darker on the back and lighter on the belly.
Social structure and communication
Bottlenose dolphins live in fluid social groups called pods or fission-fusion societies. Group size varies depending on habitat and activity. They use a variety of clicks, whistles, and body postures to communicate. Each dolphin develops a signature whistle that functions somewhat like a name.
They are highly intelligent and have been observed using tools (such as sponges to protect their rostrums while foraging) and cooperating during hunts.
Diet and range
They eat fish, squid, and crustaceans. Hunting techniques include herding fish against barriers, strand feeding in shallow water, and coordinated group attacks. They are found in coastal areas, bays, and open ocean across a broad geographic range.
Conservation
The species is listed as Least Concern overall, though some local populations face threats from pollution, bycatch in fishing gear, habitat degradation, and boat traffic. Many populations are protected under national laws and international agreements.
